Hyonan Republic

The Hyonan Republic, or Wönasmaa Tasavalta, better known as Hyonaland or Wönasmaa, is a republic in northern Garalie. The nation spans 4,263,084 square kilometers dotted with a variety of castles and ancient cities, and swathes sparsely-populated boreal forests and moorland plains. It consists of 30 counties and 3 territories. The Hyonan Republic shares land borders with South Lettonia, Arabia, and Esperplena. Also, the nation shares maritime borders with Noiska and Greater Brittania. Along with being the northernmost country in the world, their islands in the Faighia make Hyonaland stretch almost 10,000 kilometers from east to west. Along with this, the country has a 1500 kilometer wide claim to the continent of Befasia. 126,123,433 people call themselves Hyonan, with around 111 million of those being native speakers of the lingua franca also called Hyonan. The nation is governed from the Capitol Diamond in Saana Ana Capitol District, a sprawling borough in the megacity of Mogadijana that overlooks the Kohlmennen Inlet.

Around 60,000 years ago was when the first Proto-Bothnian people migrated north from southern Garalie and settled primarily along the banks of the Nouri River. This is considered the official beginning of the Bothnian Ethnolinguistic group, which became the dominant group throughout Hyonaland. They lived as hunter gatherers divided among many different Kingdoms which each fought against Roman Legions from Lettonia across centuries until the fall of Rome. The Kingdoms, while united against Rome, remained divided until Filip of Rovaniemi led campaigns throughout southern Hyonaland, uniting kingdoms under the Kingdom of Rovaniemi, which would later be renamed to the Kingdom of Bothnia. The establishment of Port Mogadijana set the foundation for a complex society, as trading skyrocketed and Christianity, advanced government, and advanced architecture, including the building of many castles proceeded. Rapid development of science in the Kingdom of Bothnia included ideas for math and quadratics, cartography, and early theories for gravity and evolution that would inspire scientists centuries later. Along with this, rapid shipbuilding ignited the Hyonan Age of Exploration, which established an arctic trading empire. Throughout the 13th and 14th century Hyonan expanded to conquer Tesyransi kingdoms and colonized many islands in the Faighia Ocean. A lot of possessions would last into the 19th century. But in the early 15th century, Lukas Semasoko led revolutionaries who wanted an end to the Kingdom of Bothnia's feudal system. In 1433, King Austis of Bothnia was overthrown and replaced with the Kingdom of Hyonaland, or Wönasmaa Kekuivalta, a rebranded kindgom. Ironically, the new kingdom change very little and was actually less stable.Due to economic collapse, the 1450s saw the Sanguisa-Semasoko pact between the Kingdom of Orvos, done to secure economic benefit. The treaty was respected until 1972, when the Kingdom of Hyonaland fully ceased. Slow decolonization took place until the cultural revolution began between the 1940s and 1970s. Mass social change in Hyonaland led to social and scientific progress, including many colonies becoming independent and the introduction of democracy in the 1970s. After the constitution was ratified on March 5, 1972, Hyonaland experienced huge boosts in civil and economic development, including inspiring the constitutions of Lettonia and Orvos, and entering the Kohlmennen-Caeser compact with South Lettonia. Hyonaland was a competitive economy by the 1980s, and the value of the Goram drastically increased. Nowadays, they are one of the leaders of Diyar's democracies.

Hyonaland is a federal presidential constitutional republic with three branches of government and a bicameral legislature. It is a founding member of the Arctic Council, the Nordic League, the Pact of Liberty, and the Diyar Organization of Petroleum Exporters (DOPE). Along with this, they are a principal member of the Kohlmennen-Caesar Compact with South Lettonia. They operate the Northern Garalien Aerospace Defense Command, or NOGAD. The nation is a leading figure in science, especially in physics and space exploration, along with breakthroughs in technological advancement. They rank high in many indexes, including extremely high levels of democracy, education, civil liberties, socioeconomic equality, universal healthcare, and overall standard of living. It has very low levels of gun violence and perceived corruption. The Hyonan Republic is a leading competitor in the automotive industry, petroleum exports, and especially the technological industry where they compete with Doctors Orvos. Hyonaland owns many of the world's most popular tech and clothing brands, and they possess one of the strongest currencies in the world.

Etymology
The Hyonan name for Hyonaland, Wönasmaa, derives from the words "wönse" (castle), and "maa" (a suffix referring to land or country). This means that the country's official name means "castled land". Traders who knew none of the land nor the Bothnian people would commonly refer to the Bothnian Kingdoms by one of their main distinguishing features: the hundred of castles that dotted the landscape. The name was soon adopted into the Hyonan language mostly by merchants and peasants, who started calling the general area of southern Hyonaland "Wönasmaa". The name never became official, however. Most scholars between the 8th and 14th centuries, knowing about the Bothnian people, referred to the land as the Bothnian Kingdom. While the name Wönasmaa appeared on maps as early as the 10th century, the name was never widely used until the 1430s. Since the Semasoko family and their followers wanted to completely disown the name Bothnia due to its supposed affiliation with an oppressive and corrupt feudal kingdom, and since Semasoko's revolutionaries were mostly peasants, they named the land Wönasmaa. So, this name was later adopted when Lukas Semasoko founded the Kingdom of Hyonaland. Both the country and mainstream Bothnians were now known as Hyonaland and Hyonans. However, other smaller Bothnoyedic groups, such as the Sámi and Nakassa, kept their names.

Flag Symbolism
The primary flag of Hyonaland is used in all major instances of representation. It depicts a blue field with a white stripe down the middle, taking up slightly less than a third of the flag. In the center is a white circle taking up a bit more than half, and centered in the white circle are four stars, representing the four stars of Hastejobafanen, or the Hyonan principle of the four pillars of premium society: liberty, justice, equality, and wealth. The four stars are part of the Hastejoban constellation (the real life Southern Cross). The blue field represents the landscape encompassing Hyonaland, the water that surrounds the islands and the ice that covers the land. The white stripe and white circle represent peace and tranquility between the land and the people.

The secondary flag of the Hyonan Republic is the same as the flag of the Kingdom of Hyonaland. The flag depicts a blue field with a Hyonan Heraldic Lion in the center. Above the Lion are the four stars of Hastejobafanen. The blue field represents the Hyonan landscape, same as on the primary flag. The Hyonan Heraldic Lion is a royal symbol developed during the Hyonan Age of Exploration, the lion being a creature in Bothnian culture that represents exploration, discovery, and progress. It has a crown, representing the royal family of the former Kingdom, and is wielding a sword, representing the fierceness of the Hyonan people. Above it, the four stars of Hastejobafanen blesses the people, the land, and the core ideals of Hyonaland. The flag is rarely used as it is a symbol of the Kingdom of Hyonaland, and is slightly controversial, however the government has it listed as an official flag for traditional reasons.

Prehistory
If archeological finds from Wolf Cave, a cave near modern-day Postojna, are the result of homo sapien activities, the first people inhabited Hyonaland approximately 120,000–130,000 years ago. The area that is now Hyonaland was settled in, at the latest, around 9,500 BCE during the Stone Age towards the end of the last glacial period. Most likely, these people migrated north from the mountains on the Hyonaland-Lettonian border, and from Esperplena, and settled in the lakelands in the northwest of the country. They had to remain isolated enough for a few thousand years in order to create the Bothno-Uralic ethnolinguistic group, which branched out into Bothnian and Uralic languages roughly 10,000 years ago. Bothnian people, which primarily were the Tesyransis and other very minor groups related to the Tesyransi, migrated northeast and remained hunter-gathers for for most of their history in Hyonaland. Uralic groups spread across northwest and central Hyonaland creating the Hyonan language and most other Uralic minorities in southern Hyonaland. The artefacts the first settlers left behind were mostly made of wood and show evidence that traditional religions which may be ancestors of those still in Hyonaland today originated during the migration into Hyonaland. The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools. The first pottery appeared in 5200 BCE, when the Comb Ceramic culture was introduced. The arrival of the Corded Ware culture in northern coastal Hyonaland between 3000 and 2500 BC may have coincided with the start of agriculture. Even with the introduction of agriculture, hunting and fishing continued to be important parts of the subsistence economy.

In the Bronze Age permanent all-year-round cultivation and animal husbandry spread, but the cold climate phase slowed the change and so hunter-gatherer communities persisted. Commercial contacts that had so far mostly been between tribes in Hyonaland turned into contact with Lettonia and perhaps even Noiska. In the Iron Age, population grew. Uralia proper, the historic region around the Kohlmennen Inlet, and Pohjanmaa, became the most densely populated areas. Commercial contacts in the Baltic Sea region grew and extended during the eighth and ninth centuries BCE. Production of iron started approximately in 500 BC. At the end of the ninth century, indigenous artefact culture, especially weapons and women's jewelry, had more common local features than ever before. This has been interpreted to be expressing common Hyonan identity.

Geography
Hyonaland is the world's northernmost country. Of world capitals, Mogadijana is also one of the farthest north. The distance from the southernmost point – Ämenerteksi, Kouvola – to the northernmost – Ilkaurismán Point in Noatak– is 4,038 kilometers (2509 mi), while the distance from the westernmost point - Öbör Island - to the easternmost - Toivámasta City, Kouvola - is 8,861 kilometers (5,505 mi). Hyonaland has about 168,000 lakes (of area larger than 500 m2 or 0.12 acres) and 179,000 islands. Pohjanmaa and Versköö, whose geography was largely shaped by prehistoric glaciers, and Noatak, which has many permafrost lakes, have the largest concentration of lakes in the country. Hyonaland has many outstretching islands in the Faighia Ocean, such as Öbör Island and Kouroteä, and the Matindi Ocean, notably Noatak and the Ilkaurises. Much of the geography of Hyonaland is a result of the Ice Age. The glaciers were thicker and lasted longer in Hyonaland compared with the rest of Garalie. Their eroding effects have left the landscape of northern Hyonaland mostly flat with few hills and fewer mountains. However, it is extremely mountainous and hilly in the south, where population is sparser and and climate drastically changes. The country's highest point, Mt. Teppon at 3,401 meters (11,161 ft), is found in the Alatna Range in the far south of the country. The retreating glaciers have left northern Hyonaland with morainic deposits in formations of eskers. These are ridges of stratified gravel and sand, running west to east, where the ancient edge of the glacier once lay. Having been compressed under the enormous weight of the glaciers, terrain in eastern Hyonaland is rising due to the post-glacial rebound. The effect is strongest around Pohjanmaa, where land steadily rises about 1 cm (0.4 in) a year. As a result, the old sea bottom turns little by little into dry land: the surface area of the country is expanding by about 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) annually. Relatively speaking, Hyonaland is rising from the sea.

The landscape is covered mostly by taiga, hemiboreal, and some deciduous evergreen forests, with the little cultivated land mostly being concentrated in the northwest where the land is very flat and the population is denser. Of the total area, 8.7% is lakes, rivers, and ponds, and 68% is forest. The forest consists of pine, spruce, birch, and other boreal species. Hyonaland is the largest producer of wood in Garalie and among the largest in the world. The most common type of rock is granite. It is a ubiquitous part of the scenery, visible wherever there is no soil cover. Moraine or till is the most common type of soil, covered by a thin layer of humus of biological origin. Podzol profile development is seen in most forest soils except where drainage is poor. Peat bogs are common in poorly drained areas.

Climate
The main factor influencing Hyonaland's climate is the country's geographical position around the arctic circle. In the Köppen climate classification, the majority of Hyonaland lands in a boreal zone, characterized by warm summers and freezing winters. Within the country, the temperateness varies considerably between the southern plains and coastal regions, defined by characteristics characteristics of both a maritime and a continental climate and the extreme north, and the extreme north, defines by an Arctic climate. Hyonaland, bordering the Bename Gulf, is warmed continuously by the Bizinki Sea Stream. The Bizinki Sea Stream combines with the moderating effects of the Bename Gulf and Kohlmennen Inlet and numerous inland lakes to explain the unusually warm climate compared with other regions that share the same latitude.

Winters in southern Hyonaland (when mean daily temperature remains below 0 °C or 32 °F) are usually about 100 days long. In the northern inland the snow typically covers the land from about late November to April, and on the coastal areas such as Mogadijana, snow often covers the land from late December to early March. Even in the south, the harshest winter nights can see the temperatures fall to −24 °C (−12 °F) although in the southern plains, temperatures below −24 °C (−12 °F) are very rare. Climatic summers (when mean daily temperature remains above 10 °C or 50 °F) in Hyonaland last from about late May to mid-September, and in the inland south, the warmest days of July can reach over 35 °C (95 °F). Although the vast majority of Hyonaland lies on the taiga belt, the southern regions are often classified as hemiboreal.

In northern Hyonaland, particularly in Alatnamaa and Noatak, the winters are long and cold, while the summers are warm but short. On the most severe winter days, the north can see the temperature fall to −45 °C (−49 °F). The winter of the north lasts for about 200 days with permanent snow cover from about mid-October to early May. Summers in the north are quite short, only two to three months, but can still see maximum daily temperatures above 25 °C (77 °F). The far north of Hyonaland has Arctic tundra, and Alpine tundra can be found at the peak of many mountains.

The Hyonan climate is suitable for farming in the west and in some central areas, while all regions are suitable for animal husbandry. Hyonaland also has mass amounts of berry production throughout the country.

Most of Hyonaland's major islands lie within the Arctic Circle and the midnight sun can be experienced for more days the farther north one travels. At Hyonaland's northernmost point, the sun does not set for 83 consecutive days during summer and does not rise at all for 61 days during winter.

Biodiversity and Conservation
Main articles: National Park Service, National Conservation Bureau Phytogeographically, Hyonaland mostly lies in the Circumboreal and Holarctis Regions. According to the WWF, the territory of Hyonaland can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Hyonan taiga, mixed forests, moorland and grasslands, and the mountains. Taiga covers much of northern and central Hyonaland. In the north and the parts of central Hyonaland, the landscape is characterized by taiga. Other forested areas have mixed forests similar to the rest of continental Garalie. However, most of the northwest and other populated areas are cultivated plains and urban or suburban areas. A third of Hyonaland's land area originally consisted of moorland, about half of this area has been drained for cultivation over the past centuries. In the extreme north of Hyonaland, near the tree line and Matindi Ocean, Montane Birch forests are common.

Similarly, Hyonaland has a diverse and extensive range of fauna. There are at least seventy native mammalian species, 298 breeding bird species, over 95 fish species, and 11 reptile and frog species present today, many migrating from neighbouring countries thousands of years ago. Large and widely recognized wildlife mammals found in Hyonaland are the harp seal, the national animal of Hyonaland, brown bear, polar bear, grey wolf, Arctic fox, musk oxen, and elk. Three of the more striking birds are the little auk, the national bird of Hyonaland; the Western capercaillie, a large, black-plumaged member of the grouse family; and the Garalien eagle-owl. The latter is considered an indicator of old-growth forest connectivity, and has been declining because of landscape fragmentation. Around 24,000 species of insects are prevalent in Hyonaland, some of the most common being hornets with tribes of beetles such as the Onciderini also being common. The most common breeding birds are the willow warbler, common chaffinch, and redwing. Of some ninety-five species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, salmon, trout, and others are plentiful. Faighian salmon remains the favourite of fly rod enthusiasts.

Hyonaland has 40 National Parks along with a multitude of National Forests, National Grasslands, National Historical Sites, National Monuments, and other nationally-designated museums, theaters, universities, and the like. There are also six uniquely-designated "Enchanted Places" with limited access. In total, the federal government owns about 38% of all land, most of which is the hands of the Bureau of Land Management which organizes public housing and lands, the National Park Service which is part of the Ministry of the Interior, and the Department of Defense which runs military bases in the country.

Government and Politics
Main article: Federal Government of the Hyonan Republic

Hyonaland is a federal presidential constitutional parliamentary republic. The President is the Head of State and the Chair of the Assembly is the Head of Government. The federal republic consists of 25 counties and 4 territories, where a representative democracy "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law" exists. In the Hyonan federal system, sovereignty is shared between two levels of government: federal/national and county/territory. Citizens of the counties and territories are also governed by cities/townships which are administrative divisions of the counties. Territories are administrative divisions of the federal government. The Constitution of the Hyonan Republic defines the political system, and has inspired the constitutions of many of Diyar's largest democracies. It has been amended a variety of time and sets the precedent for Hyonaland's system of government and of the basic rights of all citizens and of the counties and territories. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review, and any law can be voided if the courts determine that it violates the constitution. The federal government comprises three branches, which are headquartered in Saana Ana, Mogadijana, and regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the constitution.

The Hyonan Republic's semi-proportional system allows for a variety of political parties to exist, however most fall under either the "liberal/social democratic" category, which has formed most governments, and the "libertarian" category. On the 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index, its public sector position remained at a score of 91 out of 100. In 2023, the Hyonan Republic ranked 9.77 according to the Democracy Index, making it a "full democracy" and tied for most democratic country in the world. All citizens above the age of 16 may vote in national elections, municipal elections, and elections in their county/territory. Any voting age citizen under the age of 75 may run for an electable office.

Legislature
Main article: Astekantenen

The Astekantenen, Hyonaland's bicameral legislature, which consists of a proportionally-elected House of Parties (the lower house) and a constituencies-based House of Constituents (the upper house), exercises supreme legislative authority in the country. It may pass laws, alter the constitution and ordinary laws, and override presidential vetoes. They may pass laws of special appeal, which are more solidly codified. Specific powers listed in the Hyonan Constitution includes setting taxes, managing the economy and commerce, establishing prison, postal, and copyright systems, declaring war, establishing national and public lands, and impeachment. Laws are subject to judicial review by the Superior Court. All representatives serve terms of four years but each government lasts for two years due to skewed elections between the Houses. Various parliamentary committees listen to experts and prepare legislation.

The lower house of the Astekantenen is the House of Parties, which consists of 250 proportionally-elected representatives. The house uses a system of party-list proportional representation where parties appoint their representatives according the the number of nationwide votes received. The House of Parties has the power to vote with a majority to initiate the impeachment trial an elected official, but not to hear the trail, and to create house-exclusive committees and pass laws independently of the upper house so long as they solely affect the House of Parties. There are also currently eight house-exclusive committees in the House of Parties under Arabela Nankija's current government. Hyonaland has a law of special appeal in place that sets quota for the representation of ethnic minorities specifically in the House of Parties. The law is updated every year using information provided by the Committee for Demographic Quota, one of the eight house-exclusive committees. Currently, minorities make up 38, or 15.2%, seats in the House of Parties. The upper house of the Astekantenen is the House of Constituents, which is widely considered one of the most powerful upper houses on Diyar. There are currently 501 constituencies, equal to the cubic root of the Hyonan population, and the seats are apportioned among counties proportionally by population. The number of constituencies per county vary from Mogadijana's 52 to Alatnamaa's sole seat. Similar to the House of Parties, the House of Constituents may create house exclusive committees (of which there are 6), pass laws only concerning the House of Constituents, and to hear the trail of an impeachment. In order for an elected official to be successfully impeached, the House of Constituents must vote with a 2/3 majority. Since seats are apportioned counties, and it is the county's duty to send their apportioned delegates, counties may choose the election method of their constituencies. They may choose from single member districts using either first-past-the-post or instant runoff voting, multi-member districts using ranked choice or approval voting, or a county-wide proportional or approval system.

Both houses vote to appoint the Chair of the Assembly who is Head of Government; however it is one of the weakest Head of Government positions in the world with most executive power being vested in a president. The current Chair of the Assembly is Arabela Nankija, who has been in the position for 6 years. The leader for the House of Parties, the Chair of Parties, is Gafriela Aunakumina. The leader of the House of Constituents, the Chair of Constituents, is Aljanis Velkoeste. Both have mostly ceremonial powers, tallying votes for the Chair of the Assembly to review. However, both positions may manage house-specific agenda items.

The Astekantenen has the power to authorize a referendum for the Hyonan people to vote on. Most of referendums are tagged onto ballots during general elections. In order to amend the constitution, 2/3 support from the Legislature and a majority approval from a nationwide referendum is required. Along with that, referendums or suggestion boards are required for legislation concerning the altering of national flags or symbols. Other laws with special procedure required for them to pass include laws of special approval, which, if passed with a 2/3 majority, must be repealed with a 2/3 majority.

Executive
Main articles: President of the Hyonan Republic, Cabinet of the Hyonan Republic Hyonaland's head of state is the President of the Republic. Hyonaland has a semi-presidential system of government, where the Legislature makes laws but the Executive has powers over ministries. There are various ministries mandated by the constitution that operate under the executive branch and whose leaders are appointed by the President. The President remains responsible for Hyonaland's foreign relations, including the joining of alliances and formation of embassies, done via the Ministry of State. They are Commander-in-Chief of the Hyonan Defense Forces, and are responsible for the management of defense, done via the Ministry of Defense, although the Astekantenen has sole authority to declare war. In addition to these ministries, the President must manage public lands via the Ministry of the Interior, manage tax money under the Ministry of the Treasury, and to represent the Hyonan Republic in all legal cases via the Attorney general of the Ministry of Justice. Most often, addition ministries are created right when each government is formed via a compromise between the Astekantenen and the President. Finally, the President has several domestic reserve powers, including the authority to veto legislation, to grant pardons, and to appoint several public officials, such as Finnish ambassadors. The President is also required by the Constitution to dismiss individual ministers or the entire Government upon a parliamentary vote of no confidence. The President is directly elected via instant runoff voting for a four year term which is in sync with the House of Constituent's terms. The current president is Śames Marksi who took office in 2012.

The current Cabinet consists of 18 ministries, these are their ministers.

Political Parties
Main article: Political Parties of the Hyonan Republic

Currently, four political parties make the current government of the Hyonan Republic, while one provides confidence and supply, and four other make the opposition. There are also currently four independents in the House of Constituents.

The Social Democratic Party (Önsövaltaköletaanen), Hyonan Ordoliberalists (Ordotosivaltanen Wönasmaana), Hyonan Worker's Party (Buuhd Työseneene Wönasmaana), and the Green League (Feehretaso) form the government of the Hyonan Republic, with a combined 412 seats (144 in the House of Parties and 268 in the House of Constituents) out of 751, or 54.86%. The government is defined by democratic socialism and seeks to enhance Hyonaland's public housing and utilities system, while economically retaining its policy of "fair capitalism" where competitions exists but monopolies are prevent and the basic needs of all citizens are met. The Tesyransi People's Party (Buuhd Tesyransiini) has 33 seats in total and is a neutral party, providing supply to the government if they feel like it. The opposition consists of the Pirate Party (Meirrobuuhd), and Rural People's Party (Buudh Eilla Önsiini), the Hyonan Libertarians (Tosillivantanen Wönasmaana), and the Hyonan New Way (Tavo Uusi Wönasmaana). These opposition parties have historically been more classically liberal and libertarian while also serving the needs of rural areas, which primarily consists of funding Hyonaland's huge petroleum industry.

Administrative Divisions
Main articles: List of Counties and Territories

Hyonaland is made up of of 30 counties (noul) and 3 territories (lillouni). Counties and territories have jurisdiction over a geographical area and share sovereignty over that area with the federal government. The counties are subdivided into districts and cities, but territories may not be subdivided. In order for a territory to become a county, it needs at least 100,000 residents. The main tasks of the administrative divisions are setting local laws not covered by federal law, regional planning, and development of enterprise and education. In addition, the public health services are organized based on counties and territories. Each county and territory has their own republican government set up by the county or territory. Each division also has a state Employment and Economic Development Centre which is responsible for the local administration of labor, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and entrepreneurial affairs.

Counties are apportioned constituencies proportional to their population which gather in the House of Constituents. Each county may decide how those constituents are elected, so long as they send the necessary numbers. They can choose from drawing single-member first-past-the-post districts, single-member instant runoff voting districts, multi-member ranked choice voting districts, multi-member approval voting districts, a county-wide proportional vote, or a county-wide approval voting system. Territories are grouped under one constituency which must be single-member first-past-the-post.

Population
The Hyonan Census Authority reported 126,923,433 residents as of 2023. According to the Authority's Population Clock, on January 1, 2023, the Hyonan population had a net gain of one person every 300 seconds, about 288 people per day, or 105,120 people per year. In 2022, 50% of Hyonans age 18 and over were married, 5% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 35% had never been married. In 2022, Hyonaland had a total fertility rate stood at 1.64 children per woman but a low rate (13%) of children living in single-parent households.

The Hyonan Republic has a relatively homogenous population, and is commonly referred to as a because of it; 87.57 percent, or about 113.7 million people, identify as Hyonan. Mainstream ethnic Hyonans are considered to be ancestors of communities settled on the north bank of the Nouri River in modern-day Köörijja. Other Bothnian ethnic groups make up 5.5%, 7.1 million people, of Hyonaland's population, and include ethnicities such as the Sámi, Nakassa, Nganasan, and Köörijja, each of which have languages with regional status, although their cultures are considered vulnerable. Roughly 4.7%, or 6.1 million people, identify as Tesyransi, a linguistic and cultural isolate that most likely strayed from the Uralic ethnolinguistic group thousands of years ago. The fast majority of Tesyransis live in the county of the same name in northeastern Hyonaland. A minoirty of Bludish immigrants, mostly concentrated in Postojna, makes up about 1.13% of the population. Other ethnicities account for the remaining 1.05% of the population, or 1.3 million people. Most of them Latin. As of January 2023, there were almost 1.4 million immigrants in Hyonaland, accounting for 1.1% of the overall population. In 2022, out of the Hyonan foreign-born population, some 61% (854,000) were naturalized citizens, 23% (322,000) were lawful permanent residents, 10% (140,000) were temporary lawful residents, and 7% (98,000) were unauthorized immigrants.

Language
Hyonan is the de facto national language of the Hyonan Republic. Although the establishment of a national language is restricted by the constitution, some laws—such as Hyonan naturalization requirements require basic knowledge of Hyonan due it's status as a lingua franca throughout the country. Plus, most counties and territories have declared Hyonan as an official language. Seven counties and all three territories have recognized local/indigenous languages in addition to Hyonan including Kyyrysdys, Gaamamaa, Tesyransi, Väärä, Alatnamaa, Noatak, and Kouroteä, Kiksymi, Niipuri, and Tössi, all of which have significant populations of Bothnoyedic groups.

According to the Hyonan Census Authority, in 2022 some 114 million people (out of the total Hyonan population of 129 million) spoke only Hyonan at home. More than 7 million spoke some Bothnoyedic language at home, and 6 million spoke Tesyransi at home. Other languages spoken at home by the remaining 2 million people include Latin, French, Bludish, and other immigrant languages. The most widely taught foreign languages in the Hyonan Republic, in terms of enrollment numbers from kindergarten through university undergraduate education, are Latin, Caxalautian, and English.

Religion
A large variety of faiths have historically flourished within the country. According to the International Faiths Survey, the Hyonan Republic is more secular than the median country. Until the 1990s, the country was a substantial outlier among other highly developed countries, uniquely combining a high level of wealth and development with being a country with one of the highest paganism rates, although this has lessened significantly since then. Hyonaland is the most pagan country in the world, with 46% of the population reporting following either Maakeism, a traditional religion, or pagan Satanism which is followed by a mall sliver of Hyonaland's population. This coexists with the population's roughly 14.1 million (10.9% of the population) Christians, most of whom follow the Hyonan Orthodox Church. Studies from 2022 found that about 80% of Hyonans believe in some sort of higher deity or God, 29% report praying on a daily basis, 34% report that religion plays a very important role in their lives, and 31% report attending religious services weekly or near weekly. In January 2023, 59% of Hyonan report "seldom" or "never" attending religious services. Around 32% of Hyonans attended at least once or twice a month.

Hyonan paganism plays a huge role on culture and religion in Hyonaland. Maakeism, a monotheistic and spiritualistic pagan religion, wins the plurality of Hyonaland's population with 51.88 million followers. Traditional pagan religions, while significantly less popular, are followed by about 7 million people, most of whom are ethnic minorities in the south and east. Social progressivism and individuality, which play a significant role politically and culturally, are often linked to high rates of spirituality in Hyonaland. By contrast, religion plays the least important role in urban areas especially in the northwest.

Around 42% of Hyonans describe themselves as being atheist, agnostic, or personally spiritual yet not devout. Membership in a house of worship fell from 58% in 1999 to 37% in 2023, much of the decline related to the Individualistic revolution and with many religions shifting towards personal and individualistic means of worship. Membership also fell among those who identified with a specific religious group. Trust in "a church or organized religion" has declined significantly since the 1970s.

The Hyonan Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids Astekantenen from passing laws respecting its establishment.

Education
The education system of the Hyonan Republic is widely considered to be one of the best in the world. Hyonan public education is provided basic funding by the federal government and operated and restricted by county, territory, and local governments. In most divisions, children are required to attend preschool and "creative play" school once they are 4 years old, and they are required to start attending school from the age of seven (beginning with first grade) until they turn 17 (generally bringing them through tenth grade), where they must choose to stay in school, or choose to go to the military, public service, or a technical training school. Most students move on to an extra year of high school education. Of Hyonans 25 and older, 93% graduated from high school, 66% attended further education, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 16.6% earned graduate degrees. The basic literacy rate is just under 100%.

There are no private schools for primary and secondary education, however there are a variety of private universities. Hyonaland has nearly completely eliminated standardized testing with students only have to take one test before they graduate. Most learning is hands-on and independent with there being, for the most part, very relaxed regulation on curricula. A lot of the world's top public and private universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in Hyonaland. There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. The Hyonan Republic, while they have one of the best education systems in the world, spend less on education per student than the worldwide median, spending roughly $9,908 per year on public elementary and secondary school students in the 2016–2017 school year. As for public expenditures on higher education, Hyonaland's per student spending is roughly the same as the world average.

Largest Cities
According to the 2020 census, roughly 83% of Hyonans lived in an urban or suburban area, of which 38.66% lived in the 20 largest metropolitan areas in Hyonaland.